Jaish-e-Mohammed (JEM), or the Army of Mohammed. JEM has renamed itself Khuddam-ul-Islam.

The group is based in Peshawar and Muzaffarabad in Pakistan. JEM conducts most of its terrorist operations in Jammu and Kashmir.

The JEM had training camps in Afghanistan prior to the U.S.-led invasion in October 2001.

JEM seeks to expel India from Jammu and Kashmir to integrate the province with Pakistan.

It is estimated that JEM has several hundred members, including perhaps 300 to 400 fighters.

The JEM had ties with the Taliban regime in Afghanistan and other Arabs who fought in the Afghan war. Al-Qaida leader Osama Bin Laden has been suspected of providing some funding to the group. It is believed to have active ties with the Pakistani groups Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan and Lashkar I Jhangvi.

JEM is aligned with the Pakistani radical political movement Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam's Fazlur Rehman faction (JUI-F) and the Harakat ul-Mujaheedin (HUM) terrorist organization.

JEM has been implicated in a number of shootings, suicide bombings and kidnappings. The group has attacked Indian army facilities, government buildings and civilians in Indian-controlled Kashmir.

The Indian government officially blamed JEM and another Kashmir separatist group, Laskar-e-Tayyiba, for the Dec. 13, 2001, attack on the Parliament building in New Delhi.

Senior JEM leader Sheikh Omar Saeed has been charged with the February 2002 murder of American journalist Daniel Pearl, the South Asia bureau chief for the Wall Street Journal.

Former HUM leader Maulana Masood Azhar founded JEM in 2000 after being released from prison in India. He was freed in 1999 in exchange for 155 hostages who were kidnapped aboard an Indian Airlines flight that had been flown to Afghanistan. Nearly 75 percent of HUM members reportedly joined the new group.

JEM has widespread support from a number of madrassas (Muslim religious schools) in Pakistan. It is also connected to the Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam's Fazlur Rehman political faction. Most of its members and materiel are apparently drawn from the HUM and Harakat ul-Jihad al-Islami terrorist groups.

JEM fighters -- including many veterans of the war against the Soviet Union in Afghanistan during the 1980s -- use light and heavy machine guns, improvised explosives, mortars and a variety of other small arms.

India has claimed that Pakistan supports Kashmiri insurgents through its Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) agency. For its part, Pakistan has banned JEM and placed Azhar under house arrest in December 2001.

In July 2003, JEM split into two groups. One faction rejected Azhar's claim to leadership after he expelled 12 other leaders, including Amir Abdullah Shah Mazhar. Mualana Abdul Jabbar (alias Umer Farooq) assumed military leadership over the breakaway faction and Mazhar became general secretary of the JEM. The breakaway Farooq faction, known as Jamaat ul-Furqan (JUF), claims to be the authentic inheritor of the JEM/Khuddam-ul-Islam legacy.

JEM remains active in its quest to gain control of Kashmir. In return for a safe haven in Pakistan, the group has apparently affiliated itself with terrorist groups there, allying with them against U.S. and coalition forces in Afghanistan.

1999
Jan. 1: India released Maulana Masood Azhar, who had been imprisoned since 1994, as part of an exchange for 155 hostages taken during a hijacking of an Indian Airlines plane.

2000
March: Azhar established JEM. Former HUM members flocked to the new group.

April: JEM launched a suicide car bombing a major military base in Indian-controlled Kashmir.

May: JEM was implicated in an attack on the main administration building in Srinagar. Sixteen rocket-propelled grenades were fired, killing one civilian and wounding two others.

November: JEM planted a land mine near Srinagar that detonated under a vehicle carrying paramilitaries. The explosion killed one and wounded seven.

2001
October 1: A suicide bomber detonated an explosives-laden jeep outside the state assembly in Srinagar. At the same time, at least two gunmen wearing police uniforms seized a building in the assembly complex. The ensuing gun battle killed 38 people. JEM initially claimed responsibility for the attack, but later denied it.

December: Azhar was placed under house arrest after Pakistani President Pervaiz Musharraf banned JEM.

Dec. 13: JEM and Laskar-e-Tayyiba were officially blamed for the attack on the Indian Parliament building in New Delhi that killed 13 people.

2002
February: Islamic extremists killed American journalist Daniel Pearl, who had been kidnapped the month before. JEM member Sheikh Omar Saaed was later charged for the murder.

Feb. 4: JEM said it would suspend operations in the rest of India to focus on Kashmir.

2003
July: JEM split into two rival factions after Azhar expelled 12 other leaders. Both sides continued to fight for control of the group's assets.

July 1: A senior member of JEM, Abdul Jabbar, was arrested for his involvement in two attacks on Christian targets during 2002.

November: The Pakistani government outlawed Khuddam-ul-Islam, the successor to JEM.

Dec. 25: A JEM member attempted to assassinate Pakistani President Pervaiz Musharraf in a suicide bombing attack in Rawalpindi.

2004
April 8: Security forces killed five JEM members in a clash in the Kupwara district of Pakistan. Among the dead was JEM's chief commander of operations, Gazi Asif Zajim, alias Sehrai Baba.

2005
February: JEM announced its opposition to the establishment of a new bus services between India and Pakistan, saying it would "weaken the idea of Kashmir uniting with Pakistan. This is a conspiracy by India to weaken jihad." JEM said it would disrupt the service if the buses were used to infiltrate Indian spies or if there were more atrocities in the Indian-controlled portion of Kashmir.

July 5: Unidentified militants broke into the Ram Janambhoomi temple complex in Ayodhya, India, and fired indiscriminately. There was a heavy exchange of gun fire with security forces, in which one of the attackers was killed and another captured. Police suspected the attackers were members of JEM.

2006
June 8: Jaish-e-Mohammed claimed responsibility for three grenade attacks in Srinagar, the summer capital of Indian-controlled Kashmir. Two of the attacks targeted the bunker of the Central Reserve Police Force in the Lal Chowk area of the city, and the third was aimed at a passing police vehicle.

2007
Feb. 26: Indian security forces shot and killed a suspected Jaish-e-Mohammed member in the northern Indian city of Srinagar. Police seized an AK-47 rifle, extra ammunition and approximately $230 in cash.

March 16: Pakistani police arrested five JEM activists who were en route to the Supreme Court building in Faizabad. Those arrested included Mohammad Jahangir and Mufti Abdul Rauf, reported to be the brothers of Maulana Masood Azhar.

Aug. 11: Indian special operations police killed a JEM division commander near Janipura colony, in the Indian-controlled portion of Kashmir. The operative, Saifullah Qari, was believed to have masterminded the July 5, 2005, attack on the Janambhoomi temple complex in Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh.

November: Security forces arrested three JEM militants who admitted they had been planning to kidnap a member of India's Congress party. The militants were in possession of various arms and explosives.

December: Indian border security officials said JEM had joined with Lashkar-e-Tayyiba (LeT) and Harakat ul Jihad-I-Islami Bangladesh (HUJI-B) as part of a strategy to attack India through its eastern border with Bangladesh.

2008
Jan. 22: Maulana Abdul Jabbar was arrested in Pakistan on suspicion of involvement in suicide attacks, according to Interior Ministry officials.

July 16: Police killed two JEM militants during an 18-hour gun battle near Warpora village. One member of the police was killed and 22 other security personnel in Jammu and Kashmir were injured.

Oct. 9: Police killed a chief commander of JEM during a gun battle in Baramulla.

Dec. 17: Security officials broke up a clandestine operation within the Hyderabad jail led by an imprisoned JEM militant. Various cell phones and other equipment were recovered by police. The Interior Ministry said that the militant leading the operation had threatened Pakistani leader Pervaiz Musharraf on his personal cell phone. The militant, Ahmed Omar Sheikh, was the alleged killer of U.S. journalist Daniel Pearl.

June: JEM representatives met with leaders of other extremist groups in Pakistan. The groups reportedly resolved to combine their operations and focus on the Afghan conflict and reducing actions in Kashmir.

July: JEM claimed it killed 47 Indian troops in Kashmir.

December: A high-level Pakistani official said that JEM leader Masood Azhar was still at large, contradicting a Foreign Ministry report issued hours earlier alleging that the militant had been taken into custody.

2009
Feb. 5: JEM members participated in a meeting in Muzaffarabad to reaffirm the group's goal to "liberate" Kashmir. The meeting was initiated by a previously unknown group, the Tehreek-e-Azadi. Other groups affiliated with the United Jihad Council also attended.

Aug. 12: A jury in Atlanta found Ehsanul Islam Sadequee guilty on four counts of supporting terrorists. The FBI noted that Sadequee had collaborated with an associate, Syed Haris Ahmed, to video-tape sites in Washington, D.C., as possible targets for attack. Ahmed was found guilty of similar charges in June 2009. Sadeguee, the FBI said, later sent the videos to Aabid Hussein Khan, a "facilitator for the Pakistan-based terrorist organizations LeT and Jaish-e-Mohammed." Khan had been convicted of terrorism-related offenses in the United Kingdom and was imprisoned there.

June 29: Security forces in Pakistani-administered Kashmir revealed that JEM and LeT were in the process of shifting bases to that area after a campaign to restrict their activities following the terrorist attacks of November 2008 in Bombay (Mumbai), India. Police said the groups had acquired tracts of land near Muzaffarabad and were pursuing jihadist objectives disguised as religious activities.

August 1: Suspected JEM militants attacked a police facility in Srinagar, killing one policeman and injuring two others.

September 6: Police killed a JEM militant during an anti-terrorist action in Sopore, India. Police also arrested another JEM militant during the raid. Weapons recovered in the operation included two AK-47 rifles, a hand grenade and other munitions.

2010
Feb. 28: A Pakistani militant captured in Dhaka, Bangladesh, admitted to working as a JEM coordinator in that country and as a recruiter for operations in India. Four other JEM militants also were apprehended.